We share insights about non-bank financial intermediation in Canada in 2023. These data were collected as part of the Bank of ...

Central bankers argue that programmable digital currencies may compromise the uniformity of money. We explore this in a stylized model where programmable money arises endogenously, and differently ...

Our paper employs smartphone data to construct an improved cash access metric by accounting for both spatial agglomeration and households’ travel patterns. We find that incorporating trip-chaining ...

We develop statistical inferences for a non-probability two-phase survey sample when relevant auxiliary information is available from a probability survey sample. To reduce selection bias and gain ...

The Bank's responsibilities under the Payment Clearing and Settlement Act Since 1996, Canada’s Payment Clearing and Settlement Act (PCSA) has conferred on the Bank of Canada specific responsibilities ...

Readability formulas At its broadest, the concept of readability includes not just the written text itself but also aspects such as the layout, visual elements and context. For example, the Bank’s web ...

What we do The Canadian Fixed-Income Forum (Forum) is a senior level industry-wide committee established by the Bank of Canada to discuss developments in fixed-income market structure and functioning, ...

Introduction Foreign demand for Government of Canada (GoC) bonds has increased rapidly since the financial crisis. This sudden interest by foreigners in the GoC market is associated with external ...

View data from the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations (CSCE)—a quarterly survey aimed at measuring household views of inflation, the labour market and household finances.

Introduction In response to recent tariffs imposed on Canada by the United States, the Canadian government has introduced counter-tariffs on certain goods imported from the United States. 1 A key ...

1. The Level of the Inflation Target Canada targets 2 per cent inflation, the midpoint of a 1 to 3 per cent inflation-control target range. Since 2011, the experience of advanced economies with ...

Credit cards are an increasingly common payment method—they now make up 39 percent of retail transactions and 56 percent of the total value of goods and services purchased. They are especially popular ...