All solid planets in the solar system have a core-mantle-crust structure, but the Earth is a unique planet with a continental crust on which human life exists. Controversies have long surrounded the ...

High water levels can cause swift currents that make shipping barges difficult to maneuver and can overwhelm lock and dam systems. Such conditions have become more common since 1960, according to a ...

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural climate phenomenon driven by interactions between the ocean and atmosphere in the tropical Pacific. In recent decades, major advances in observing ...

This aerial view shows Lake Taupō amid the whenua (land) of Ngāti Tūwharetoa on the North Island of New Zealand. This lake fills the caldera of a volcano that continues to alter the surrounding ...

A photograph taken near the town of Popoyo, Nicaragua, during a post-tsunami survey following a Mw = 7.7 earthquake that struck Nicaragua’s Pacific coast on 1 September 1992 local time. Here ...

Sediment cores extracted from deep under the Aegean Sea reveal the timing of explosive eruptions of Kolumbo Volcano and a potential link to neighboring Santorini. Kolumbo is a little-known underwater ...

Earthquakes are common along the Northern California coast. Credit: Lee Coursey/Flickr, CC BY 2.0 On 20 December 2022, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake shook part of Northern California, causing damage in ...

The Cerrado savanna in Brazil is the second-largest biome in South America and stores as much carbon as 20% of the Amazon rainforest, according to new research. Credit: Andre Dib The Cerrado savanna ...

Most airline passengers have no idea how little of the ocean floor beneath them has been mapped. Credit: nateemee/iStock.com It has been 3 years since Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 disappeared, and ...

Climate change affects plants on the surface, the soil below, and interactions between them. Shown here is a soil profile from a grassland in Iceland. Credit: Fabrizzio Protti Sánchez Soil ecosystems ...

The Amazon saw its worst wildfire season in decades in 2024. New research examines the consequences. Credit: CSU/CIRA & NOAA Wildfires in the rainy, humid Amazon might once have seemed unlikely, but ...