Reinert, Sophus A., Paul M. Healy, and Robert Fredona. "The Dutch East India Company (VOC)." Harvard Business School Case 723-002, November 2022. (Revised December 2025.) ...
On a March day in 1602, the Dutch Republic tried to solve a problem of commerce with a piece of statecraft. Rival merchant groups were bidding up the cost of spices in Asia, squeezing profits at home, ...
AMSTERDAM: On March 20, 1602, the Dutch Republic chartered the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), creating what historians often call the world’s first multinational corporation. The company was ...