In a separate and broader challenge, the Court of International Trade also ruled against the administration’s tariffs program. A different appeals court, the Federal Circuit, is set to hear arguments in that case next month. Both lower court rulings have been paused, allowing Mr. Trump to press forward with his tariffs.

Businesses Learning Resources Inc. and hand2mind Inc. filed a petition with the Supreme Court on Tuesday, attorney Pratik Shah confirmed to Forbes, which asks the high court to consider whether Trump’s “Liberation Day” tariffs are lawful under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), the law the president used to impose them.