Such reactions are difficult in water, Mast said, and TMP was very rare on early Earth. When they just mixed those ingredients together in a beaker, or in geologic cracks without heat, the amount ...

Others believe only single-celled organisms reigned when Earth's plates first cracked apart. In fact, as new methods allow scientists to look ever-deeper into the past, some are now arguing that ...

making way for a new ocean to form. The East African Rift - a huge crack in the Earth’s surface - is at the centre of this activity, which stretches from Mozambique in the south to the Red Sea ...