Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains the leading immunological cause of kidney allograft loss, yet its humoral origins are incompletely understood.

Marginal zone B (MZB) cells play pivotal roles in the innate immune system by linking innate and adaptive immunity through their capacity for antigen presentation and lymphocyte activation 1,2.

Pentraxin family proteins are central humoral components of the innate immune system. They comprise short pentraxins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid P component (SAP), and long ...

Unlike transient innate immune activation, trained immunity is characterized by long-lasting but reversible functional reprogramming of monocytes, macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and ...