Caudal epidural steroid injection (ESI) is an established treatment for spine-related problems, although reported success rates vary, largely as a result of incorrect placement of the needle. Use of ...

A single spinal injection was given to 154 patients in the ESI group of an observational study from the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). They were compared with 453 patients who did not ...

Epidural glucocorticoid injection is an intervention commonly used for managing lumbosacral radicular pain. The goal of the injection is to administer glucocorticoids to the epidural space to reduce ...

The radiation dose for a CT fluoroscopy is about half that for conventional fluoroscopy to guide epidural steroid injections, however, the dose is substantially more than conventional fluoroscopy when ...

In the 2015 Physician Fee Schedule Final Rule of the Federal Register, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) bundled fluoroscopic guidance into epidural injections and stated that ...

» How can I know patient dose while using the C-arm in an operating theatre? By having a dose meter installed. The C-arm fluoroscopy systems commonly used in operating theatres might not be equipped ...